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I am a human head louse, which is singular for lice. Even though we lice infest over 12 million Americans annually, we are enigmatic and many misconceptions about us exist. For one, I am a parasitic insect. I spend my entire life on the human scalp, and feed on human blood. I am wingless, meaning that I cannot fly or even jump. In fact, I move around the host’s scalp by crawling from one hair shaft to another, and assume a new host through head-to-head contact. Young children are at a higher risk of infestation because they play in close contact, making it easy for us lice to migrate. I do not choose to live on human’s household pets.
I have three distinct life stages. First, I am a nit, which is a lice egg. A female louse lays up to 100 nits during her lifespan. I lay my eggs close to the scalp, although the exact location is temperature and climate dependent to ensure that by immature nymphs develop properly. After laying the nits, I cover my eggs with a sticky adhesive. This glue-like substance protects my eggs and makes it difficult for humans to remove them from the hair shaft. After hatching, we young lice are nymphs until we mature into adult lice. It takes us nymphs approximately nine days to fully mature, although we have a high mortality rate; only 60 percent of nymphs reach adulthood.
As a parasite, I cannot survive away from my human host. Humans consider me a nuisance and an embarrassment, although I am not life threatening for humans. I am tiny and hard to distinguish, and humans often mistake nits for dandruff or hair spray residue. I am such a nuisance, in fact, that humans have developed products such as cream rinses designed to try to kill entire lice infestations!
Over time, however, we lice have successfully become resistant to the insecticides contained in these cream rinses and shampoos. In addition to some product’s ineffectiveness, others might cause serious side effects for children, like allergic reactions, headaches, seizures, eye irritation, or hair damage. With this information, humans are choosing more natural and safe means to kill us lice.
We lice are particularly wary of nit free combs. These combs, designed for use alone or in tandem with other products, have patented microgrooved teeth that inflict damage at multiple points to ensure that we cannot survive. The nit free comb is safe for all human hair types, and does not damage hair during the lice and nit removal process. When used as directed, the nit free comb promises to kill 100 percent of lice. Because our nits are small and steadfastly attached, the nit free comb has a perfect separation between its long teeth. This ensures that more nits are removed with fewer combing passes. Perhaps worst of all for us lice, the nit free comb can be used multiple times and, once sterilized, can treat the entire family.
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